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Showing posts with label pan flute. Show all posts
Showing posts with label pan flute. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 8, 2011

Ancient musical instruments Prehispanic Parte III



Prehispanic instruments are found in Peru thousands of years old ago and were created by diverse cultures whom expressed through them their way of understanding the world. This video shows exact replicas of a little part of the collection of 2000 instruments sound prehispaníc at National Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of Peru.

Their uses and functions, and their sound features are still subject of study because of its quantity and complexity.

These images were recorded in the archaeological Mateo Salado (1.100 AC) one of dozens of ceremonial centers in Lima Raised by ancient cultures that inhabited this valley.

This video is presented by Dimi Manga, cultural researcher, he is seen playing a pututo (trumpet made of a snail).

He tells us that we have cultures from 2500 BC, ie from about 4,500 years from now backwards. The first instrument is a flute shows quena type of ceramics from Chincha culture with an age of 1000 to 1500 years. It is a model of a flute entirely replicated chicha that is in the deposits of the National Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, History of Peru.

Then we show a very important tool is the antara pan flute or (Quechua language), currently known as sikus or bagpipe. From the Paracas, Nazca and Moche were created very used and linked to different effervescent rituals and the social life and religious ritual. The size from very small to almost a meter high.

Then introduce a fish-shaped ocarina, with holes in tail, head and spine and some side holes.

We also have replicas of the Moche culture rattles made in ceramics, with ceramic balls inside, have small holes on the sides to let out the sound. There are also geometric and anthropomorphic designs.

There are flutes crafted in animal bone. Many of these animals had a sacred character. The video shows a flute made of bone Suri (antiplane a bird, a sort of South American ostrich). Also shown is a transverse flute made of bone from a Pelican.

It is also used empty deer head, where you blows through the foramen magnum.

We can see the trumpet of Moche ceramics dating from 1500 to 200 years old.

We still have a whistle resembling the song of birds.

Then we see a kind of 4-hole ocarina also simulates the sound of birds and the body of birds.

We can see the whistling bottles. Consisting of two bottles connected by a bridge. When you pour water inside the second bottle began to produce a melody.

Monday, March 7, 2011

Ancient Musical instruments Prehispanic Part I



In our quest to bring the world of our historical legacy, we meet in Lima with beautiful replicas of pre-Columbian musical instruments. The builder, the musician Walter Alfredo Najarro Acasiete (AK7). The original instruments are at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of Peru. Our surprise was the  dedication involved in every replica. The technique for making the instruments was analyzed and well understood. We used the clay from the location which each original piece was made, in order to achieve the same characteristics in appearance and sound.

The sounds are exact replicas of the originals. The ancient peruvian man did not know the musical scale as it exists today. He had his own scale.

To pre-Columbian cultures, the music was an essential part of life, and that was the means of connection to another world, Through its rituals and celebrations.

The National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History of Peru along with the National School of Folkore José María Arguedas have created the project: Waylla Kepa. This is a Project of Scientific Research and Experimental Art that aims to:

  
- The audiovisual cataloging of 2000 pieces of pre-Hispanic instruments.
- The production of replicas of pre-Hispanic musical instruments.
- Training workshops for music creation and performance for the processing of materials that were tailored prehispanic musical instruments.

 Make replicas has lead us to knowledge approach.


In the video we see the musician and replicator of prehispanic musical instruments: Najarro Walter Alfredo Acasiete (AK7).



 
The preparation of pre-Hispanic instruments:

Preparation of the pieces: The clay is worked through turning in the case of percussion pieces of clay, and Nazca drums. It chooses a good clay zone (Ica) for its hardness and its sound.

Through the empty liquid clay into plaster cast for the Antara. X-rays were taken of original antaras in which the structure of the instrument shows that have used liquid clay.


Pipe by Pipe Tuning: After obtaining the tubes through the mold is made the pitch of the instrument according to the scale of the original. Given Reducers clay, where there is a 40-variacón centiftonos between the pre-cooking and postcocción.

The union of the tubes in antaras is performed with liquid clay, which acts as acoplameinto material between the pipe and tube.

Through modeling, the piece is made by hand and shovel technique giving the required shape. In the event that the piece is made in sections, the union of the parts is done having a uniform moisture of the clay.

The union of the tubes is performed with the antara liquid clay, which acts as coupling material between the pipe and tube.

For making whistling bottles, which uses modeling and palette. X-ray support allows to know the method of construction of the whistle.

When the piece is in a state of leather coating is applied, a liquid clay with minerals that grant occidantes color to the instrument. As the finish is brushed, rubbed smooth with a color instrument, which gives adhesion and gloss.

  
In the case of monochrome parts black, the color is created by lack of oxygen during cooking, do not slip. This was done once in a clay oven without a chimney outlet. In the north is used manure from poultry or mango leaves to achieve this effect.

The firing of the pieces is done in an electric furnace up to 1000 degrees centigrade, however ancestralment utilizagan wood stoves are, with the temperature between 500 to 600 degrees centigrade.

Original and replicas:
- In the video we can see: Drum ceramics, Nazca culture from 100 to 700 A.C. Original left, right replica.
- Antara fourteen ceramic tubes, 100-700 A.C. Nazca A.C. Original Top, Right replica.
- Quena ceramic, 1100-1400 A.C. Chincha culture Original Top, Right replica.
- Replica trumpet in zig-zag of ceramics. Moche 100 to 700 A.C. Orignal Up, Right replica.
- Replica of Moche pututos 100-700 A.C.
- Replica Bottle Whistle Inca 1100-1500 A.C.
- Replica Bottle Moche whistle 100-700 A.C.
- Whistle Inca bottle Repliac 1100 - 1500 A.C.
- Replica of ceramic Quena, Culture Chinca 1100-1400 A.C.
- Double Flute or Bagpipes. Cajamarca pottery, traditional.
- Ocarina today.


Using techniques of manufacture of the pieces also restores the instruments and their instegridad reconstituting fragmented aesthetic and sound.

This materal was provided by Alfred Walter Najar Acasiete (AK7)
The background music is a sound created by AK7 dedicated to his daughter.
The video and the music has copyrights as their reproduction prohibited without the authorization of the author.