TEMPERATURE AND BAMBOO, WOOD, AND BONE FLUTES

 Musical instruments, in general, are designed to be played at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 24°C, and this includes native instruments as well. In this article, we will discuss bamboo, a preferred material for the construction of native flutes due to its unique vibration.

Bamboo is a highly temperature-sensitive material. Bamboo flutes are designed to be played at the temperatures mentioned above. Bamboo tends to lower its factory tuning by half a step when exposed to cold climates, and conversely, it raises its factory tuning by half a step when exposed to extremely hot climates.

 

Therefore, those who play street music in cities with extreme climates should take this variable into account when selecting the original tuning of their bamboo flutes. In cold climates, if you aim to achieve a tuning of 440Hz, it is recommended to play with a flute whose factory tuning for temperatures of 20°C to 24°C is 445Hz, as the tuning tends to drop by half a step in the cold. In the case of extremely hot climates, the recommendation is the opposite. It is advisable to play with flutes manufactured at 435Hz to achieve a tuning of 440Hz.

 

Generally, the climate does not affect wood flutes in the same way, as their tuning remains unaffected. However, extreme temperature changes can cause cracks in some woods. Woods such as ebony, guayacan, jacaranda, among others, are quite resistant to these changes.

 

Temperature does not play a role in altering the tuning of bone-made quenas. However, in cold climates, temperature fluctuations between the exterior and the interior of the flute when it is being played can lead to cracks in the bone. Therefore, it is recommended to play the quena in a controlled temperature environment.

The 5 Basic Quenas for Professional Wind Musicians: Exploring the Tonalities

 

The quena, an ancestral wind instrument that emanates captivating melodies, has been a cornerstone of Andean music for centuries. Its versatility, beauty, and ability to convey deep emotions make it an essential instrument for professional musicians. In this article, we will explore the 5 basic quenas that every professional wind musician should have in their repertoire, highlighting the tonalities and nuances that each one brings to their music. 

1. Quenacho in C Major

The quenacho in C Major is a fundamental choice for the professional musician. Its tonality allows for the interpretation of songs in D minor and A minor, making it the perfect option for musical pieces with a melancholic, smooth, and relaxing tone. Its deep sound adds a unique richness and depth to compositions. 

2. Quenacho in D Major

The quenacho in D Major is another essential component in the wind musician's repertoire. Although its sound is slightly higher than the quenacho in C Major, it still brings a unique depth to compositions. With the ability to play songs in E minor and B minor, this instrument is perfect for pieces that require a this range of tonalities.

3. Quena in F Major

The quena in F Major is the ideal choice when seeking softer and more delicate sounds. This tonality allows for the interpretation of songs in G minor and D minor, offering a more delicate option for playing melodies that require a special touch. It is perfect for pieces that aim for a soft and emotive nuance. 

4. Quena in G Major: The Favorite and Most Versatile

The quena in G Major is undoubtedly the most commonly used by professional wind musicians. Its versatility allows for playing songs in A minor and E minor naturally, and with skill, it is possible to obtain tonalities in B minor and D minor. The choice of this tonality is essential to accommodate the key in which the singer is performing, making it a crucial element in any musical ensemble. 

5. Quena in A Major: Perfect for Specific Tonalties

Last but not least, the quena in A Major is essential for playing in tonalities such as B minor and F# minor. In certain regions, such as Ecuador, it is widely used to interpret san juanito in B minor, as well as in the Peruvian huayno. This quena is indispensable for preserving the authenticity of specific musical traditions. 

In summary, the choice of quenas for a professional wind musician is a crucial decision. Each tonality offers unique nuances and depth to the music, and the combination of these quenas in the repertoire allows for a versatile and moving performance. An experienced musician knows that they don't just play the quena but also immerse themselves in the essence of each tonality, conveying emotions and stories through music. Each quena is a brush in the hands of an artist, and the choice of these five basic tonalities is essential for painting an exceptional musical canvas.

The Ocarina: A Journey Through Time and Music

 

The Ocarina: A Journey Through Time and Music

The ocarina is a wind musical instrument that has captivated people of all ages and cultures throughout history. Its distinctive shape and charming sound make it an object of fascination for both musicians and enthusiasts. In this article, we will explore the history and versatility of the ocarina, from its origins to its place in contemporary music.

Ancient Origins

The history of the ocarina dates back thousands of years. Primitive examples of this instrument have been found in different parts of the world, such as China, South America, and Africa. However, the most well-known and refined version of the ocarina comes from the ancient Mayan civilization in Mesoamerica.

The Maya created elaborate ocarinas in a variety of shapes and sizes. These ocarinas were made of clay and often had an artistic appearance with intricate decorations. They were used in both religious ceremonies and daily life.

The Renaissance of the Ocarina

Although Mayan ocarinas were impressive, the modern ocarina as we know it today was developed in the 19th century in Italy. It was a man named Giuseppe Donati who perfected the design and manufacturing technique of the ocarina. The Italian version of the ocarina had a characteristic oval shape and a hole system that allowed playing a wide range of notes.

Donati popularized the ocarina throughout Europe and eventually, the instrument crossed the ocean to America. During World War I and World War II, ocarinas became a welcome distraction for soldiers and were widely distributed in military camps.

The Ocarina in Popular Culture

The ocarina gained worldwide notoriety thanks to video games, particularly the "The Legend of Zelda" series, where the main character, Link, uses a magical ocarina to solve puzzles and advance the storyline. This sparked a resurgence in the instrument's popularity, and many young people were drawn to the idea of learning to play the ocarina.

The Ocarina in Contemporary Music

The ocarina has found its place in contemporary music and has been used in a variety of genres, from classical music to pop and folk. Its sweet and melodic sound makes it ideal for playing simple yet emotional melodies.

Today, ocarinas are manufactured from ceramics, plastic, and other materials, expanding their accessibility and versatility. Modern musicians have also experimented with electronic versions of the ocarina, incorporating effects and amplification to create a unique sound.

In summary, the ocarina is a fascinating musical instrument with a rich history and versatility that makes it relevant even in contemporary music. Its ability to evoke emotions and connect with people of all ages ensures that it will continue to be appreciated worldwide.

Harmony and Healing: Native Flute Therapy

 

 *"Harmony and Healing: Native Flute Therapy"*

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Music has always had the power to touch our souls and heal our emotional wounds. In the world of sound therapy, Native flutes hold a special place. These handmade instruments, crafted with care and precision, have been used for centuries by various indigenous cultures in rituals and ceremonies. Native flute therapy is a form of healing that harnesses the beauty and depth of their melodies to promote well-being and harmony in mind, body, and spirit.

**The Power of Vibration**

Native flute therapy is based on the principle that the vibration of music can influence our life energy. Each note, each melody, is like a key that can unlock trapped emotions and tension in the body. Native flutes, with their soft and melodic tone, emit sounds that resonate in the mind and heart, inviting relaxation and reflection.

**Effects on Mental Health**

Native flute therapy is used to treat a variety of mental health disorders, such as stress, anxiety, and depression. The soothing and evocative music can induce a state of deep calm, which is beneficial for people experiencing high emotional tension. Meditation and mindfulness are common tools in Native flute therapy, helping patients connect with themselves and release negative thoughts.

**Spiritual and Emotional Healing**

Native flute therapy not only addresses mental health but also focuses on spiritual and emotional healing. The sounds of the Native flute can open doors to spirituality and connect us with nature and the spiritual world. Some people report that Native flute therapy sessions help them release past traumas, forgive, and find a deeper sense of purpose in life.

**Connection with Nature**

Native flutes are often associated with nature, as their music evokes the gentle breeze, bird songs, and the flow of rivers. Native flute therapy can be especially effective for those seeking a greater connection with nature and wishing to balance their relationship with the natural environment.

**Conclusion**

Native flute therapy is a healing modality that uses music as a means to achieve harmony and balance in our lives. Whether to alleviate stress, promote mental health, heal emotional wounds, or connect with spirituality, Native flutes offer a path to inner peace and healing. If you are looking for a unique and powerful way to find tranquility and healing, Native flute therapy may be the answer you've been seeking.

The Song of the Magic Flute: The Legend of Nuvia and the Native Flute

 

Long ago, in the lands of Native Americans, there was a legend of Nuvia, a young woman belonging to the Lakota tribe. Nuvia was known in her community for her love and skill in playing the native flute, an instrument that connects the spirit to nature and the spiritual world.

The legend tells that Nuvia, from an early age, displayed an innate gift for music. Her flute, crafted from cedarwood and adorned with sacred symbols of her tribe, resonated in a special way. People of the tribe said that her music had the power to heal broken hearts and calm storms in the soul.

One day, as Nuvia played her flute deep in the forest, a mysterious white wolf approached her. This wolf, with eyes that seemed to reflect the sparkle of the stars, appeared to communicate with Nuvia through its gaze. Intrigued, Nuvia continued to play her flute, and the white wolf began to dance to the rhythm of her music.

 

The dance of the white wolf was so hypnotic that Nuvia couldn't stop but keep playing, and together they created a magical harmony that resonated throughout the region. The legend says that as Nuvia played, the plants bloomed, the rivers flowed with greater force, and the animals joined in the dance of the wolf.

After hours of music and dance, the white wolf finally stopped and looked at Nuvia with gratitude in its eyes. Then, it slowly retreated into the forest and vanished.

The Lakota tribe regarded this encounter as a sign that Nuvia had been blessed by the spirits and gifted with the power of music to heal and unite people and nature.

From that day on, Nuvia continued to play her native flute, sharing her music with her tribe and beyond. She became a spiritual healer and a guardian of the harmony between humanity and nature.

The legend of Nuvia and the native flute reminds us of the deep connection between music, the spirit, and the world around us. The native flute, often used in sacred ceremonies and rituals, is considered an instrument that can bring peace, healing, and unity to those who play and listen to it.

This legend invites us to appreciate the beauty and magic of native flute music, reminding us that through music, we can connect with the divine and find peace in our hearts, just as Nuvia did in that magical dance with the white wolf in the heart of the forest.

THE CHARANGO

 

The charango is a stringed musical instrument typical of South America, especially in countries like Bolivia, Peru, and parts of Argentina and Chile. Its origin dates back to the time of the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. It is believed that the charango is an adaptation of pre-existing indigenous instruments, influenced by the arrival of the Spaniards and their guitars.

 The name "charango" comes from the Quechua word "ch'arango" or "charangu," which refers to a type of small guitar. Over the centuries, the charango has evolved and diversified into different regional variants with unique characteristics. It is known for its small body and distinctive bright and high-pitched sound, making it popular in the folk music of the Andean region.

The charango is an essential musical instrument in traditional Andean music, and its history is closely tied to the indigenous culture of the region. Over the years, it has been used in a variety of musical genres, from folk music to contemporary music.

The body of the charango is traditionally made from the shell of an armadillo, although nowadays other materials such as wood or plastic are also used. Currently some countries prohibit the use of armadillo shell for the manufacture of the charango.The strings are made from nylon or animal gut, and the instrument is played using a technique of strumming and fingerpicking.

 

In Andean music, the charango is used to accompany songs and melodies, often in musical ensembles known as "charango groups." Its distinctive sound adds a unique character to Andean music and has been widely embraced throughout Latin America.

Furthermore, the charango has gained international recognition and has been used in various musical fusions, blending elements of traditional Andean music with other genres such as rock and jazz. Its versatility and uniqueness have made it an instrument cherished by both traditional musicians and those looking to experiment with new musical forms.

In summary, the charango is a musical instrument with a rich cultural history in the Andean region of South America and has left a lasting imprint on the continent's music.

IIn the video: Successful Peruvian singer-songwriter: Gianmarco singing and playing his charango.

 

 

FREQUENCY IN MUSIC, 432hz, 440hz and more.

 

The 432 Hz frequency is a specific value used in tuning musical instruments and is an alternative to the standard 440 Hz tuning. The 432 Hz frequency is considered a more "natural" or "harmonic" tuning by some people, and has gained some popularity in music and esoteric culture.

The standard 440 Hz tuning is used in most Western music and is supported by music standards organizations such as the ISO. However, proponents of tuning at 432 Hz argue that this frequency has properties that make it more harmonious and connected to nature.

It is important to note that the choice between 432 Hz and 440 Hz is largely subjective and cultural. There is no solid scientific consensus that conclusively supports the superiority of one over the other in terms of musical quality. The preference for one tuning or another depends on the personal taste and individual beliefs of the musicians and listeners.

In addition to the 432 Hz and 440 Hz frequencies, there are other frequencies used in music, and these can vary depending on musical context, culture, and genre. Here are some notable frequencies used in music:

Concert A440: The standard tuning of 440 Hz is the value used to tune the note A4 (A4) on the equal temperament scale. This frequency acts as a reference point for tuning other instruments and orchestras around the world.

Alternate Tunings: In addition to 432 Hz and 440 Hz, some musicians and composers experiment with alternative tunings to achieve specific sounds and effects. For example, musician David Bowie used to tune his guitar half a step lower, at approximately 415 Hz, to achieve a unique sound in some of his songs.

Specific frequencies for musical genres: In some musical genres, such as electronic music, specific frequencies are used to create characteristic sounds and effects. Synthesizers and samplers can manipulate frequencies to generate different tones and textures.

Microtones: In microtonal music, frequencies that are not found in the standard equal temperament scale are used. This allows exploration of intermediate sounds that cannot be reproduced on a 12-tone scale. Microtonal frequencies can vary widely depending on the musical composition.

Harmonic frequencies: Some musicians experiment with the relationship of frequencies to create particular harmonies. Harmonic frequencies are based on multiples of a fundamental frequency and are used in music to create interesting chords and harmonic progressions.

Ultimately, choosing a tuning frequency or using specific frequencies in music depends on the style, creative intent, and preferences of the musician or composer. Music is a very versatile art, and frequencies play a crucial role in creating sounds and emotions that resonate with listeners around the world.